CSS Chemistry Syllabus
PAPER: CHEMISTRY (200 MARKS)
Revised Scheme and Syllabus for CSS Competitive Examination-2016
CSS Chemistry Syllabus Paper-I (100 Marks)
I. Atomic Structure and Quantum Chemistry
Electromagnetic spectrum, photoelectric effect, Bohr’s atomic model, wave and
particle nature of matter, de Broglie’s equation, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle,
wave functions and Born interpretation of wave functions, probability density, Eigen
functions and Eigen values, Hamiltonian operator, Schrödinger wave equation and
its solution for particle in one and three dimensional boxes.
II. Electrochemistry
Ions in solution, measurement of conductance and Kohlrausch’s law, mobility of ions
and transport number, conductometric titrations, Debye-Hückel theory and activity
coefficient, determination of activities, Redox reactions, spontaneous reactions,
electrochemical cells, standard electrode potentials, liquid junction potential,
electrochemical series, Nernst’s equation, measurement of pH, electrolytic cells,
potentiometry, reference and indicator electrodes, fuel cells, corrosion and its
prevention.
III. Thermodynamics
Equation of states, ideal and real gases, the van der Waals equation for real gases,
critical phenomena and critical constants, four laws of thermodynamics and their
applications, thermochemistry, calorimetry, heat capacities and their dependence on
temperature, pressure and volume, reversible and non-reversible processes,
spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, Hess’s law, The Born-Haber cycle,
relations of entropy and Gibbs free energy with equilibrium constant, Gibbs
Helmholtz equation, fugacity and activity.
IV. Chemical Kinetics
The rate and molecularity of reactions, Factors affecting rate of a chemical reaction,
zero, first, second and third order reactions with same initial concentrations, half -lives of reactions, experimental techniques for rate determination and methods for
determination of order of reaction (integration, half-life, initial rate and graphical
methods), collision theory, transition state theory, Arrhenius equation and rate
equations of complex reactions.
V. Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
Properties of liquids, physical and chemical properties of surface, determination of
surface area. Adsorption and absorption; physical adsorption and chemisorption,
adsorption isotherms, Langmuir adsorption isotherm and Fruendlich isotherm.
Colloids; properties, classification and preparation of colloidal systems. Surfactants,
Phase rule; Gibbs equation of phase rule, one component systems, two component
systems and their examples, Catalysis; homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis,
acid-base and enzyme catalysis.
VI. Fundamentals of Chemometrics
Sampling, significant figures, stoichiometric calculations, measurement errors,
analysis of variance (ANOVA), arithmetic mean, median, mode, standard
deviation/relative standard deviation, confidence limits, Gaussian distribution, least
square method, Statistical tests.
VII. Separation Methods
Solvent extraction; theory of solvent extraction; solvent extraction of metals,
analytical separations, multiple batch extraction and counter current distribution.
Chromatography; theory of chromatography, classification and overview of
chromatographic techniques (paper, thin layer, column and ion exchange
chromatographies). Principle of electrophoresis and its application as separation and
characterization of proteins.
VIII. Basic Inorganic Chemistry
Types of chemical bonding, ionic and covalent bonding, localized bond approach,
theories of chemical bonding, valance bond theory (VBT), hybridization and
resonance, prediction of molecular shapes using valence shell electron pair
repulsion (VSEPR) model, Molecular orbital theory (MOT) applied to diatomic
molecules, delocalized approach to bonding, bonding in electron deficient
compounds, hydrogen bonding, Physical and chemical properties of p-block
elements with emphasis on oxygen, carbon, chlorine, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus
and some of their representative compounds.
IX. Acids and Bases
Brief concepts of chemical equilibrium, acid–base theories including soft and hard
acid and base (SHAB) concept, relative strength of acids and bases, significance of
pH, pKa, pKb and buffer solutions. Theory of indicators, solubility, solubility product,
common ion effect and their industrial applications.
X. Chemistry of d and f-block elements
General characteristics of d-block elements, historical back ground of coordination
chemistry, nomenclature and structure of coordination complexes with coordination
number 2-10, Chelates and chelate effect. Theories of coordination complexes;
Werner's theory, Valence bond theory (VBT), Crystal field theory (CFT) and
Molecular orbital theory (MOT). Jahn-Teller theorem, magnetic properties, spectral
properties, isomerism, stereochemistry and stability constants of coordination
complexes.
General characteristics of Lanthanides, occurrence, extraction and general principles
of separation, electronic structure and position in the periodic table, lanthanide
contraction, oxidation states, spectral and magnetic properties and uses. General
characteristics of actinides, electronic structure, oxidation state and position in the
periodic table, half-life and decay law.
CSS Chemistry Syllabus Paper-II (100 Marks)
I. Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry
Bonding and orbital hybridization, Localized and delocalized bonding, Inductive
effect, Dipole moment, Resonance, Hyperconjugation.
II. Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
Nomenclature, Physical properties, Preparation and reactions of alkanes, alkenes
and alkynes.
III. Chemistry of Aromatic Compounds
Benzene structure, Aromaticity, Mechanism of electrophilic substitution reaction,
Activating and deactivating substituents, Effect of substituents on orientation and
reactivity.
IV. Chemistry of Functional Groups
Preparation and properties of alcohols, phenols, ethers, and amines with focus on
reaction mechanism and applications. Preparation and reactions of alkyl halides.
Synthetic applications of Grignard reagent. Carbonyl compounds, preparations and
reaction mechanism of aldehydes and ketones and their applications. Carboxylic
acids and their derivatives, acidity of carboxylic acids and effect of substituents on
their acidity, preparation and reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives
including acid halides, acid anhydrides, esters and amides.
V. Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions
Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions. Elimination reactions, Zaitsev rule
and Hofmann rule. Competition between Substitution and elimination reactions.
VI. Stereochemistry
Molecular chirality.Types of stereoisomers. RS and EZ notation. Optical activity,
Stereoselectivity and stereospecificity. Resolution of racemic mixtures.
VII. Organic Spectroscopy
Theory, Principle, instrumentation and applications of UV/Visible, 1H NMR, IR and
Mass spectroscopic techniques.
VIII. Biomolecules
Carbohydrates; Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, biological
functions of starch, glycogen, cellulose, and cell wall polysaccharides.
Lipids; Classification and biological importance of lipids. Significance of lipids in
biological membranes and transport mechanism.
Amino Acids; Chemistry and classification of amino acids. Physical and chemical
properties. Biological significance.
Proteins; Classification. Properties and biological significance.Primary, secondary
tertiary and quaternary structures.
Nucleic Acids; Chemical composition of nucleic acids. Structure and biological
significance of nucleic acids.
Enzymes; Enzyme-substrate interactions and nature of active site, mechanism of
enzyme action, kinetics of single substrate reactions, enzyme inhibition, regulatory
enzymes and allosteric enzymes.
IX. Metabolism
Digestion; absorption and transport of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic
acids. Glycolysis; citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis
and photosynthesis.
Biosynthesis of triglycerides, phosphides, steroids and bile acids and ketone bodies.
Biochemical reaction of amino acids: decarboxylation, deamination, transamination
and transmethylation, etc., urea cycle, creatine and uric acid synthesis.
Catabolism of nucleosides, DNA polymerases and other enzymes involves in
metabolism.
X. Chemical Industries
Manufacturing and processing of sugar, cement, glass, paper, fertilizers, soap and
detergents.
Revised Scheme and Syllabus for CSS Competitive Examination-2016
CSS Chemistry Syllabus Paper-I (100 Marks)
I. Atomic Structure and Quantum Chemistry
Electromagnetic spectrum, photoelectric effect, Bohr’s atomic model, wave and
particle nature of matter, de Broglie’s equation, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle,
wave functions and Born interpretation of wave functions, probability density, Eigen
functions and Eigen values, Hamiltonian operator, Schrödinger wave equation and
its solution for particle in one and three dimensional boxes.
II. Electrochemistry
Ions in solution, measurement of conductance and Kohlrausch’s law, mobility of ions
and transport number, conductometric titrations, Debye-Hückel theory and activity
coefficient, determination of activities, Redox reactions, spontaneous reactions,
electrochemical cells, standard electrode potentials, liquid junction potential,
electrochemical series, Nernst’s equation, measurement of pH, electrolytic cells,
potentiometry, reference and indicator electrodes, fuel cells, corrosion and its
prevention.
III. Thermodynamics
Equation of states, ideal and real gases, the van der Waals equation for real gases,
critical phenomena and critical constants, four laws of thermodynamics and their
applications, thermochemistry, calorimetry, heat capacities and their dependence on
temperature, pressure and volume, reversible and non-reversible processes,
spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, Hess’s law, The Born-Haber cycle,
relations of entropy and Gibbs free energy with equilibrium constant, Gibbs
Helmholtz equation, fugacity and activity.
IV. Chemical Kinetics
The rate and molecularity of reactions, Factors affecting rate of a chemical reaction,
zero, first, second and third order reactions with same initial concentrations, half -lives of reactions, experimental techniques for rate determination and methods for
determination of order of reaction (integration, half-life, initial rate and graphical
methods), collision theory, transition state theory, Arrhenius equation and rate
equations of complex reactions.
V. Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
Properties of liquids, physical and chemical properties of surface, determination of
surface area. Adsorption and absorption; physical adsorption and chemisorption,
adsorption isotherms, Langmuir adsorption isotherm and Fruendlich isotherm.
Colloids; properties, classification and preparation of colloidal systems. Surfactants,
Phase rule; Gibbs equation of phase rule, one component systems, two component
systems and their examples, Catalysis; homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis,
acid-base and enzyme catalysis.
VI. Fundamentals of Chemometrics
Sampling, significant figures, stoichiometric calculations, measurement errors,
analysis of variance (ANOVA), arithmetic mean, median, mode, standard
deviation/relative standard deviation, confidence limits, Gaussian distribution, least
square method, Statistical tests.
VII. Separation Methods
Solvent extraction; theory of solvent extraction; solvent extraction of metals,
analytical separations, multiple batch extraction and counter current distribution.
Chromatography; theory of chromatography, classification and overview of
chromatographic techniques (paper, thin layer, column and ion exchange
chromatographies). Principle of electrophoresis and its application as separation and
characterization of proteins.
VIII. Basic Inorganic Chemistry
Types of chemical bonding, ionic and covalent bonding, localized bond approach,
theories of chemical bonding, valance bond theory (VBT), hybridization and
resonance, prediction of molecular shapes using valence shell electron pair
repulsion (VSEPR) model, Molecular orbital theory (MOT) applied to diatomic
molecules, delocalized approach to bonding, bonding in electron deficient
compounds, hydrogen bonding, Physical and chemical properties of p-block
elements with emphasis on oxygen, carbon, chlorine, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus
and some of their representative compounds.
IX. Acids and Bases
Brief concepts of chemical equilibrium, acid–base theories including soft and hard
acid and base (SHAB) concept, relative strength of acids and bases, significance of
pH, pKa, pKb and buffer solutions. Theory of indicators, solubility, solubility product,
common ion effect and their industrial applications.
X. Chemistry of d and f-block elements
General characteristics of d-block elements, historical back ground of coordination
chemistry, nomenclature and structure of coordination complexes with coordination
number 2-10, Chelates and chelate effect. Theories of coordination complexes;
Werner's theory, Valence bond theory (VBT), Crystal field theory (CFT) and
Molecular orbital theory (MOT). Jahn-Teller theorem, magnetic properties, spectral
properties, isomerism, stereochemistry and stability constants of coordination
complexes.
General characteristics of Lanthanides, occurrence, extraction and general principles
of separation, electronic structure and position in the periodic table, lanthanide
contraction, oxidation states, spectral and magnetic properties and uses. General
characteristics of actinides, electronic structure, oxidation state and position in the
periodic table, half-life and decay law.
CSS Chemistry Syllabus Paper-II (100 Marks)
I. Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry
Bonding and orbital hybridization, Localized and delocalized bonding, Inductive
effect, Dipole moment, Resonance, Hyperconjugation.
II. Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
Nomenclature, Physical properties, Preparation and reactions of alkanes, alkenes
and alkynes.
III. Chemistry of Aromatic Compounds
Benzene structure, Aromaticity, Mechanism of electrophilic substitution reaction,
Activating and deactivating substituents, Effect of substituents on orientation and
reactivity.
IV. Chemistry of Functional Groups
Preparation and properties of alcohols, phenols, ethers, and amines with focus on
reaction mechanism and applications. Preparation and reactions of alkyl halides.
Synthetic applications of Grignard reagent. Carbonyl compounds, preparations and
reaction mechanism of aldehydes and ketones and their applications. Carboxylic
acids and their derivatives, acidity of carboxylic acids and effect of substituents on
their acidity, preparation and reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives
including acid halides, acid anhydrides, esters and amides.
V. Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions
Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions. Elimination reactions, Zaitsev rule
and Hofmann rule. Competition between Substitution and elimination reactions.
VI. Stereochemistry
Molecular chirality.Types of stereoisomers. RS and EZ notation. Optical activity,
Stereoselectivity and stereospecificity. Resolution of racemic mixtures.
VII. Organic Spectroscopy
Theory, Principle, instrumentation and applications of UV/Visible, 1H NMR, IR and
Mass spectroscopic techniques.
VIII. Biomolecules
Carbohydrates; Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, biological
functions of starch, glycogen, cellulose, and cell wall polysaccharides.
Lipids; Classification and biological importance of lipids. Significance of lipids in
biological membranes and transport mechanism.
Amino Acids; Chemistry and classification of amino acids. Physical and chemical
properties. Biological significance.
Proteins; Classification. Properties and biological significance.Primary, secondary
tertiary and quaternary structures.
Nucleic Acids; Chemical composition of nucleic acids. Structure and biological
significance of nucleic acids.
Enzymes; Enzyme-substrate interactions and nature of active site, mechanism of
enzyme action, kinetics of single substrate reactions, enzyme inhibition, regulatory
enzymes and allosteric enzymes.
IX. Metabolism
Digestion; absorption and transport of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic
acids. Glycolysis; citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis
and photosynthesis.
Biosynthesis of triglycerides, phosphides, steroids and bile acids and ketone bodies.
Biochemical reaction of amino acids: decarboxylation, deamination, transamination
and transmethylation, etc., urea cycle, creatine and uric acid synthesis.
Catabolism of nucleosides, DNA polymerases and other enzymes involves in
metabolism.
X. Chemical Industries
Manufacturing and processing of sugar, cement, glass, paper, fertilizers, soap and
detergents.